The following spatial data are available from NHGIS.org

1880 States
39 States : Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin.
10 Territories : Alaska Territory, Arizona Territory, Dakota Territory, Idaho Territory, Indian Territory, Montana Territory, New Mexico Territory, Utah Territory, Washington Territory, Wyoming Territory

1880 Counties
2614 Counties : Some Counties and districts contain no population data.